Advanced Placement (AP) Courses at Legacy Online School

In this course, you will explore the interconnections between culture, art, and historical context through the critical analysis of art, culture, and purpose. Through the use of a defined art historical skill set and reflective learning, you will analyze relationships across cultures with a global lens. The examination of how people have responded to and communicated their experiences through art will enable you to think conceptually about art ranging from prehistory to contemporary. You will be an active participant, engaging with art and its context as you read, research, and collaborate to learn about art, artists, art making, and responses to and interpretations of art. This course is structured around three big ideas, three essential questions, twelve learning objectives, and ten content areas outlined within the College Board Advanced Placement Art History Framework. Each content area is represented by a prescribed image set accompanied by enduring understanding and essential knowledge statements that provide required contextual information to serve as a foundation and catalyst for student learning within the course. The intention is for you to explore art in its historic and cultural contexts.

Gallery One: Introduction to Art History

•  An overview of art history and the purpose and function of the analysis of art within its cultural context
•  Global and chronological themes and subthemes in art history
•  An introduction to the College Board Advanced Placement Art History Framework
•  Formal analysis of the art process through the principles and elements of design
• The College Board AP Art History Exam breakdown—what to expect, type of assessments on the exam, how the exam assesses the students’ application of art historical skills, and how the exam is scored
•  Understanding how to read and interpret architectural plans
•  Global Prehistory starting with Asia and Africa
•  Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Periods
•  Human expression of the natural world prior to written record
•  Ceramics, painting, sculpture, and architecture representative of utilitarian art

Gallery Two: Indigenous Americas

•  Ancient America and Native North America—Olmec, Maya, Mexica (Aztec), and Central Andes
•  Art of the Indigenous Americas as a representation of the retention of pre-Hispanic traditions.
•  Overarching artistic traits of Indigenous Americas—unity with the natural world, cosmic geometry, Shamanism, animal-based media, incorporation of trade materials, and spiritual utilitarianism
•  Integration of terrestrial and plant imagery within architecture to represent power and hierarchy within the culture and community
•  Status, power, gifts, visual memory, and revival represented within art of the Ancient America and Native North American cultures
•  Trade resulting in exotic materials within artistic themes of interdependence and dualism
•  Exploration of Ancient America and Native North America within the context of colonization, persecution, genocide, and marginalization

Gallery Three: Asia

•  Secular and non-secular art produced from West Asia’s dominant Islamic culture
•  Sacred spaces of West and Central Asia as a result of cross-cultural fertilization
•  Connection of West and Central Asia through Buddhist and Islamic traditions
•  Architectural innovations and monuments driven by religious function and pilgrimages
•  Two-dimensional design favored in West Asia, while metalwork thrived in West and Central Asia
•  Visual traditions of South, East, and Southeast Asia among the oldest, identified by the interconnectedness of humans with the natural and spiritual world
•  Universal search for spiritual development within Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, resulting in unified visual representations
•  Buddhist reliquary stupas, ink paintings, pagodas, and rock gardens representing the overlap of secular and non-secular art

Gallery Four: The Pacific

•  Diversity in the Pacific resulting from ecological situations, social structure, and external influences such as commerce, colonialism, and missionary activity
•  The Pacific as defined by geographical location and its art as representative of materials carried and exchanged
•  Three sections of the Pacific—micro, poly, and mela, each defined by individual ecologies and sociological systems
•  Art of the Pacific as narrative and utilitarian expressing beliefs, social relations, essential truths, and information within the creation, performance, and the destruction of art
•  Wrappings, ritual dress, and tattoos as symbols for human interaction with deities
•  Architectural design and shared and rarified spaces reinforcing social order
•  Sacred spaces announcing and containing legitimacy, power, and life force.

Gallery Five: Ancient Near East and Africa

•  Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, and Persian cultures
•  Religious art and architecture of the Ancient Near East
•  Emergence of stylistic elements such as hierarchical scale, registers, historical narratives, and formal sculpture of humans interacting with gods
•  Architecture of the Ancient Near East housed places of worship and protection to represent the power and authority of the rulers
•  Predynastic Egypt including the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
•  Artistic representations of royal figures and divinities serving a funerary function and representing order, stability, and permanence
•  Figural representation correlated with cultural placement, characterizing separation between the deified and lower classes
•  Predynastic Egypt driven by an elaborate funerary sect represented by the incorporation of mythological and religious symbolism
•  The artistic and cultural revolution of the Amarna period
•  African art resulting from human beliefs and interactions motivated by behavior, containing and expressing belief, and validating social organization
•  African art expressing the supernatural and used daily and ritually
•  Art and cultural practices as purposeful, with cultural protocols to ensure the artistic experience (meant to be sung, danced, and presented holistically) and produce expected results
•  Education, civic responsibility, and adulthood as represented by the creation, manipulation, and interpretation of art
•  African art misinterpreted as primitive, anonymous, and static
•  Africa’s global interaction resulting in dynamic intellectual and artistic traditions

Gallery Six: Ancient Mediterranean

•  Art of the Aegean—Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures as driving influences in Greek, Etruscan, and Roman art and architecture
•  Greek, Etruscan, and Roman art and architecture identified by stylistic changes categorized according to styles, governments, or dynasties
•  Ancient Greek art throughout the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods characterized by proportions and spatial relationships, expression of societal values, and harmony and order
•  Humanism
•  Roman art, including the Republican, Early Imperial, Late Imperial, and Late Antique Periods
•  Etruscan and Roman art characterized by iconographical eclecticism and portraiture that represent imperial values and power
•  Ancient Greek and Roman art as foundational for later Europe artistic and cultural traditions

Gallery Seven: Early Europe and Colonial Americas

•  Medieval art divided geographically by regions, governing cultures, and identifiable styles
•  Medieval art, including Late Antique, early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic, Migratory, Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic
•  Medieval art motivated by the requirements of Jewish, Christian, or Islamic worship, elite or court culture, and learning
•  Icons and reliquaries facilitating a divine connection
•  Cross-cultural fertilization facilitated through trade and conquest
•  Religiously functional architecture with ground plans and elevations designed around worship and including symbolic numbers, shapes, and ornament
•  Theological rejection of figural imagery on and within religious structures or objects as prevalent in Judaism, Islam, and Christianity
•  Romanesque and Gothic periods marking the initiation of globalization and the emergence of the Atlantic World in conjunction with the development of the Americas
•  The Atlantic World, comprising Western Europe—Italy, Spain, France, Germany, England, Belgium, and the Netherlands
•  The Americas, comprising the Caribbean, the Western and Southwestern regions of the U.S., Mexico, Central America, and South America
•  Pilgrimages driving new patronage and architectural innovations in the Romanesque and Gothic periods

Gallery Eight: Early Modern Atlantic World

•  A revival of antiquity defining the Renaissance with the incorporation of classical models, enhanced naturalism, Christianity, pageantry, and more formalized artistic training
•  Rise of the academy
•  Artistic production determined by corporate and individual patronage
•  Development of linear and atmospheric perspective, composition, color, figuration, and narrative all increasing the illusion of naturalism
•  Art as propaganda, commemorative, didactic, devotional, ritual, recreational, and decorative
•  Baroque art representing the polarization of north and south western European due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation
•  Art production in the Spanish viceroyalties representing a hybridization of European and indigenous ideas, forms, and materials
•  Industrialization, urbanization, scientific inquiry, economic upheaval, migrations, and wars concluding the 18th century
•  The Enlightenment, characterized by belief in progress, the Industrial Revolution, and the emergence of a new wealthy middle class, and satirical expressions within art
•  Rococo as evidence of the infiltration of aristocratic art, prompting the call for moral art and Neoclassicism as a reaction and new emphasis on human rights expressed in Romanticism

Gallery Nine: Later Europe and Americas

•  Artists gravitating to new roles in society, leading artistic movements that shifted quickly as a reaction and rejection to the previous movement
•  Modernism as an umbrella term enabling new roles and functions and giving audiences opportunities to experience art in new ways
•  Modernism, including Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Symbolism Expressionism, Cubism, Constructivism, Suprematism, Abstraction, Dadaism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Performance Art, and Environmental Art
•  Photography as art within the context of the Industrial Revolution, with increased popularity within the middle class
•  Criticism of the new industrial age leading to the rise of Realism and sympathy toward the working class
•  Evolving perception of women as the “male gaze” is applied to images of women outside of religious contexts
•  Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, and Expressionism as a rejection of the Modern
•  Architectural innovations driven by the evolution of needs, materials, and nationalism
•  Abstraction giving way to Cubism and non-objectivity as shape and color are intended to communicate meaning and represent Sigmund Freud’s philosophical declarations
•  Expression, Dadaism, and Surrealism as social commentary
•  Work of individual artist such as Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, and Jacob Lawrence as a personal commentary on cultural conventions
•  Modern visions of architectural space embracing the machine and nature
•  Depiction of women in a modern world and evolution of the portrayal of women within Gestural Abstraction, Abstract Expressionism, and Pop Art
•  Modern and Postmodern architecture as defined through the exploration of the modern skyscraper and simplicity vs. complexity, anonymity vs. individuality, less is more vs. less is a bore
•  The duality of Modernism opening the art world and simultaneously becoming challenging for audiences and patrons to understand as individualism replaced church and corporate patronage
•  Public sale of art as non-elitists collect art
•  America dominating the art market after the devastation of World War II

Gallery Ten: Global Contemporary

•  Global contemporary art as a combination of tradition, technological advancements, and global awareness
•  Materials, function, style, and presentation inviting contemplation of how art is defined and valued
•  1980–present categorized by digital works, video-captured performances, graffiti, online museums and galleries, decline in natural materials, rise in disposable materials, and the digital divide
•  Existential investigations, sociopolitical critiques, natural world, and technical innovations unifying the vast diversity
•  Appropriation of cultural and/or sacred objects defying traditional classification by region, culture, or time
•  Architecture representing a city’s trademark to embody aspiration and idealism
•  Exploration of themes of contemplation, race, identify, stereotypes, appropriation, power, mass production, spiritual journey, migration, and unification

AP Biology is a college-level course designed to prepare students for the AP exam in early May while providing a strong foundation in biological concepts through scientific inquiry, data analysis, and real-world applications. Students will engage in interactive experiences, analytical writing, statistical analysis, and experimental investigations to enhance their mastery of biological principles.

The course is structured around five big ideas in biology:

• System interactions
• Evolution
• Energetics
• Information storage and transmission
• Biological processes and their regulation

Students will participate in a variety of activities that develop higher-order thinking skills and strengthen their ability to interpret and collect data.

Pre-Requisites:

• Biology 1
• Chemistry 1
• Algebra 1 (recommended)

Major Topics and Concepts

Segment 1

Module 01 – Chemistry of Life

• Hydrogen Bonding
• Properties of Water
• Elements of Life
• Biological Macromolecules
• Structure and Function of Macromolecules

Module 02 – Cell Structure and Function

• Cell Structure and Function
• Cell Size
• Membrane Transport
• Facilitated Diffusion
• Tonicity and Osmoregulation
• Mechanism of Transport
• Cell Compartmentalization

Module 03 – Cellular Energetics

• Enzymes
• Environmental Impacts on Enzymes
• Cellular Energy
• Energy Transfer
• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration
• Fitness

Segment 2

Module 04 – Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

• Cell Communication
• Signal Transduction
• Changes to Signal Transduction
• Feedback
• Cell Cycle
• Regulation of Cell Cycle

Module 05 – Heredity

• Meiosis
• Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
• Mendelian Genetics
• Non-Mendelian Genetics
• Environmental Effects on Phenotype
• Chromosomal Inheritance

Module 06 – Gene Expression and Regulation

• DNA and RNA Structure
• Replication
• Transcription and RNA Processing
• Translation
• Regulation of Gene Expression
• Gene Expression and Cell Specialization
• Mutations
• Biotechnology

Module 07 – Natural Selection

• Natural Selection
• Artificial Selection
• Population Genetics
• Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
• Phylogeny
• Speciation and Extinction
• Variation in Populations
• Origins of Life

Module 08 – Ecology

• Responses to the Environment
• Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
• Population Ecology
• Effects of Population Density
• Community Ecology
• Biodiversity
• Disruptions of Ecosystems

As you dive into this interactive online calculus course, you will follow in the footsteps of great mathematicians like Newton and Leibniz. This adventure covers many topics, including limits, continuity, differentiation, integration, differential equations, the applications of derivatives and integrals, parametric and polar equations, and infinite sequences and series. This Advanced Placement (AP) calculus course covers a full year of material equivalent to college-level calculus. Students who complete this course often seek to earn college credit or advanced placement. Colleges and universities generally assign students to appropriate calculus courses based on their preparation, which is often evaluated through AP exam results or other criteria

Module One: Limits and Continuity

• Using limits to analyze instantaneous change
• Estimating limit values using graphs and tables
• Determining limits using algebraic properties and manipulation
• Evaluating limits of indeterminate form
• Evaluating limits using substitution
• Squeeze Theorem
• Intermediate Value Theorem
• Determining continuity and exploring discontinuity
• Connecting limits, infinity, and asymptotes

Module Two: Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties

• Definition of a derivative
• Average and instantaneous rates of change
• Determining differentiability
• Estimating derivatives
• Rules of differentiation
• Product rule
• Quotient rule
• Derivatives of trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions

Module Three: Differentiation: Composite, Implicit, and Inverse Functions

• Chain rule
• Implicit differentiation
• Differentiating inverse functions
• Differentiating composite functions
• Differentiating inverse trigonometric functions
• Selecting procedures for calculating derivatives
• Calculating higher-order derivatives

Module Four: Contextual Applications of Differentiation

• Interpreting and applying the derivative in motion
• Rates of change in other applied contexts
• Related rates
• Approximating values using local linearity and linearization
• L’Hôpital’s Rule

Module Five: Contextual Applications of Differentiation

• Mean Value and Extreme Value Theorem
• Determining function behavior
• First Derivative Test
• Determining absolute extrema using the Candidates Test
• Determining concavity of functions
• Second Derivative Test
• Connecting graphs of functions and their derivatives
• Optimization problems
• Exploring behaviors of implicit relations

Module Six: Integration and Accumulation of Change

• Riemann Sums and the definite integral
• Accumulation functions involving area
• The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• Applying properties of definite integrals
• Finding indefinite integrals and antiderivatives
• Integrating using substitution
• Integrating using long division
• Integrating using completing the square
• Selecting techniques for antidifferentiation

Module Seven: Differential Equations

• Solutions of differential equations
• Sketching and reasoning using slope fields
• Finding solutions using separation of variables
• Exponential models with differential equations

Module Eight: Applications of Integration

• Average value and connecting position using integrals
• Velocity and acceleration using integrals
• Using accumulation functions and definite integrals contextually
• Finding the area between curves
• Area between curves with multiple intersections
• Volumes with discs
• Volumes with washers
• Volumes with cross-sections

As you dive into this interactive online calculus course, you will follow in the footsteps of great mathematicians like Newton and Leibniz. This adventure covers many topics, including limits, continuity, differentiation, integration, differential equations, the applications of derivatives and integrals, parametric and polar equations, and infinite sequences and series, including Taylor, Maclaurin and power series. This Advanced Placement (AP) calculus course covers a full year of material equivalent to college-level calculus. Students who complete this course often seek to earn college credit or advanced placement. Colleges and universities generally assign students to appropriate calculus courses based on their preparation, which is often evaluated through AP exam results or other criteria.

Module One: Limits and Continuity

• Using limits to analyze instantaneous change
• Estimating limit values using graphs and tables
• Determining limits using algebraic properties and manipulation
• Evaluating limits of indeterminate form
• Evaluating limits using substitution
• Squeeze Theorem
• Intermediate Value Theorem
• Determining continuity and exploring discontinuity
• Connecting limits, infinity, and asymptotes

Module Two: Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties

• Definition of a derivative
• Average and instantaneous rates of change
• Determining differentiability
• Estimating derivatives
• Rules of differentiation
• Product rule
• Quotient rule
• Derivatives of trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions

Module Three: Differentiation: Composite, Implicit, and Inverse Functions

• Chain rule
• Implicit differentiation
• Differentiating inverse functions
• Differentiating composite functions
• Differentiating inverse trigonometric functions
• Selecting procedures for calculating derivatives
• Calculating higher-order derivatives

Module Four: Contextual Applications of Differentiation

• Interpreting and applying the derivative in motion
• Rates of change in other applied contexts
• Related rates
• Approximating values using local linearity and linearization
• L’Hôpital’s Rule

Module Five: Contextual Applications of Differentiation

• Mean Value and Extreme Value Theorem
• Determining function behavior
• First Derivative Test
• Determining absolute extrema using the Candidates Test
• Determining concavity of functions
• Second Derivative Test
• Connecting graphs of functions and their derivatives
• Optimization problems
• Exploring behaviors of implicit relations

Module Six: Integration and Accumulation of Change

• Riemann Sums and the definite integral
• Accumulation functions involving area
• The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• Applying properties of definite integrals
• Finding indefinite integrals and antiderivatives
• Integrating using substitution and integration by parts
• Integrating using linear partial fractions
• Evaluating improper integrals
• Integrating functions using various methods
• Selecting techniques for antidifferentiation

Module Seven: Differential Equations

• Solutions of differential equations
• Sketching and reasoning using slope fields
• Approximating solutions using Euler’s Method
• Finding solutions using separation of variables
• Exponential models with differential equations
• Logistic models with differential equations

Module Eight: Applications of Integration

• Average value and connecting position using integrals
• Velocity and acceleration using integrals
• Using accumulation functions and definite integrals contextually
• Finding the area between curves
• Area between curves with multiple intersections
• Volumes with discs
• Volumes with washers
• Volumes with cross-sections
• Arc length of a smooth planar curve
• Arc length and distance traveled

Module Nine: Parametric, Polar, and Vector-Valued Equations

• Differentiating parametric equations and finding arc length
• Differentiating and integrating vector-valued functions
• Solving motion problems using parametric functions
• Solving motion problems using vector-valued functions
• Defining polar coordinates
• Differentiating in polar form to find area bounded by polar curves

Module Ten: Infinite Sequences and Series

• Convergent and divergent infinite series
• Convergent and divergent geometric series
• Integral test for convergence, harmonic and p-series
• Comparison test for convergence
• Additional tests to determine convergence
• Alternating series and their error bound
• Taylor polynomial approximations and evaluating error
• Radius and convergence interval of power series
• Taylor or Maclaurin series for a function
• Representing functions as power series

This course is an introductory computer science course. A large part of the course involves developing the skills to write programs or parts of programs that correctly solve specific problems. The course also emphasizes the design issues that make programs understandable, adaptable, and when appropriate, reusable. At the same time, the development of useful computer programs and classes is used as a context for introducing other important concepts in computer science, including the development and analysis of algorithms, the development and use of fundamental data structures, and the study of standard algorithms and typical applications. In addition an understanding of the basic hardware and software components of computer systems and the responsible use of these systems are integral parts of the course.

Module One: Primitive Types

• Introduction to Java
• Primitive Data Types
• Using Arithmetic Expressions
• Installing the BlueJ

Module Two: Using Objects

• Using Pseudocode
• Java’s Math Class
• String Objects
• Parsing

Module Three: Boolean Expressions and If Statements

• Number Systems
• Condition Statements
• Strings
• Logical Opera

Module Four: Iteration

• Loops
• While Loops
• Using Text Files
• Nested L

Module Five: Writing Classes

• Writing Static Methods
• Introduction to Objects
• Writing Constructors
• Ethics and Secu

Module Six: Arrays

• Creating One-Dimensional Arrays
• Using For-Each Loops
• Magpie Lab
• Formatting Ou

Module Seven: ArrayList

• Using ArrayLists
• Writing Traversals
• Replacements
• Insertions and Delet

Module Eight: 2D Array

• Sequential Search
• Binary Search
• 2D Arrays
• Picture

Module Nine: Inheritance

• Extending Classes
• Class Hierarchies
• Polymorphism
• Overriding Met

Module Ten: Recursion

• Recursion
• Recursive Strings
• AP Exam Review
• AP Practice E

AP Computer Science Principles is a college-level course that sets the foundation for learning the concepts and challenges of computer science and its impacts on society. Students will stretch their creativity and problem-solving skills to build solutions for the issues they find important. They will learn how to design, develop, and evaluate computer programs using algorithms and the JavaScript programming language. Students will practice analyzing data and simulations to extract knowledge from information. While exploring computing innovations and the internet, they will uncover the benefits and risks of their digital world and how to help their community through technology.AP Computer Science Principles is equivalent to a first-semester, college-level breadth course in computer science.

Module One: Computing Innovations

• Computer Science Overview
• Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Computing
• Collaboration in Computing
• Safe Computing

Module Two: Creativity and Computing

• Binary Numbers
• Data Compression
• Purpose and Function of Innovations
• Strings
• Variables

Module Three: Using Abstractions

• Mathematical Expressions
• Calling Functions
• Developing Functions
• Programming Libraries

Module Four: Using Data

• Extracting Information
• Data Abstraction in Computing
• Arrays

Module Five: Programming Decisions

• Boolean Expressions
• Conditionals
• Iteration
• Binary Search

Module Six: Exploring Algorithms

• Developing Algorithms
• Random Values
• Simulations
• Algorithmic Efficiency

Module Seven: Create Performance Task

• Create Performance Task Overview
• Program Requirements
• Exam Written Response Overview
• Submitting the Create Performance Task

Module Eight: Internet Explorations

• The Internet
• Fault Tolerance
• Parallel and Distributed Computing
• Crowdsourcing
• Legal and Ethical Concerns

Ready to wield the power of words and master the art of persuasion? Journey into the world of argument and composition, sharpening your critical reading and writing skills. You’ll scrutinize nonfiction works, uncovering strategies to inform, convince, and inspire. You’ll learn to recognize the building blocks of adequate arguments and use them to construct your own compelling pieces. Whether aiming to illuminate, debate, or motivate, you’ll develop the tools to express yourself with power and precision. As you progress, you’ll craft essays, arguing your stance with conviction or swaying your readers’ hearts and minds. You’ll be equipped to analyze any text critically and write confidently, ready to tackle academic challenges and real-world communication with equal finesse.

Suggested Prerequisites

English I, English II

Module One: Early Edition

• AP Course and Exam Overview
• Analyzing Texts
• Claims and Evidence
• Rhetorical Strategies
• Critical Reading and Rhetorical Analysis
• The Free Response
• Evaluating Student Responses

Module Two: Revolutionary Edition

• Nonfiction: Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin
• Rhetorical Devices: Structure, Tone, and Attitude
• Composition: Argument Writing, Logical Fallacies, Compound and Complex Sentence Structures

Module Three: Romantic Edition

• Multiple Choice: Reader and Writer
• Figurative Language in Argument
• The Power of Diction
• Taking a Position
• Establishing a Line of Reasoning
• Analyzing Syntax
• Crafting Periodic and Loose Sentences
• Developing Commentary

Module Four: Civil War Edition

• Multiple Choice: Stems
• Reading About Writing
• Elements of Style
• Speech Analysis
• Multiple Choice: Predictions, Analyzing Style
• Crafting Periodic and Balanced Sentences
• Reading and Synthesis
• Nonfiction Book Journal

Module Five: Realism Edition

• Understanding Satire
• Political Cartoons
• “A Modest Proposal”
• Analyzing Satire and Irony
• Multiple Choice: Find the Focus
• Crafting Chiasmus and Anaphora

Module Six: Modern Edition

• Multiple Choice: Elimination
• The Synthesis Essay
• Cultivating Commentary with Multiple Sources
• Evaluating Student Responses
• Planning a Response
• Crafting Purposeful Structure
• Composition: Claim Writing, Argument, Style Analysis, Commentary, Synthesis Essay

Module Seven: Contemporary Edition

• Multiple Choice Practice
• The Memoir
• Appeals in Argument
• Rhetoric in Action
• Crafting Sentence Variety
• Memoir Journal
• Composition: Style Analysis, Synthesis/Research Essay Construction, Argumentation, Sentence Variety

Module Eight: Student Edition

• Researching Context
• Analyzing Author’s Choices
• Interpreting Rhetorical Strategies

Embark on a journey through imaginative literature that will transform how you read, analyze, and write. You’ll dive deep into works of literary merit, sharpening your active, close reading and critical analysis skills. As you explore the nuances of style, figurative language, theme, and other literary elements, you’ll uncover how these components contribute to a work’s meaning and cultural significance. You’ll hone your ability to make keen observations, establish connections between texts, and articulate your insights through expository, analytical, and argumentative essays. By engaging with concepts like character, setting, structure, perspective, imagery, symbolism, and tone, you’ll develop a sophisticated understanding of how writers use language to provide both meaning and pleasure.

Suggested Prerequisites

English I, English II, and English III

Module One: Disillusionment

• AP English Literature Course and Exam Overview
• Characterization
• Character Relationships
• Perspectives and Point of View
• Reliability of Narrator
• Symbolism
• Thesis Statements and Claims
• Critical Approaches to Literature
• Essay Prompt Responses
• Evidence and Commentary
• Dramatic Analysis

Module Two: The Struggle

• Historical Context
• Novel Study
• Characterization
• Character Relationships
• Plot Analysis
• Structural Analysis
• Symbolism
• Archetypes and Allusions
• Point of View
• Romanticism
• Prose and Poetry
• Thesis Statements and Claims
• Commentary
• Multiple-Choice Practice
• Critical Approaches to Literature
• Evidence Evaluation
• Essay Prompt Responses

Module Three: Journey

• Historical Context
• Symbolism
• Motifs
• Thesis Statements and Claims
• Literary Argument
• Source Credibility
• Research Paper Basics
• Outlining
• Works Cited Development
• Evidence and Credibility
• Theme
• MLA Format
• Essay Prompt Response

Module Four: Love and Hate

• Characterization
• Character Relationships
• Setting
• Plot Development
• Conflict
• Text Structure
• Contrasts
• Figurative Language
• Historical Context
• Narrator Perspective
• Narrator Reliability
• Thesis Statements and Claims
• Commentary and Line of Reasoning
• Gothic Literature
• Critical Approaches to Literature
• Poetry Analysis
• Poetry Structure
• Essay Prompt Response

Module Five: Family

• Characterization
• Setting
• Plot Analysis
• Historical Context
• Structure Analysis
• Contrasts
• Figurative Language
• Diction
• Symbolism
• Imagery
• Allusions
• Literary Arguments
• Commentary and Line of Reasoning
• Evidence Evaluation
• Essay Prompt Response
• American Realism
• Poetry Analysis
• Poetic Structures
• Line of Reasoning
• Narrator Perspective
• Novel Study

Module Six: More Than One Way

• Characterization
• Contrasting Characters
• Character Relationships
• Diction and Syntax
• Narrator Perspective
• Narrator Reliability
• Symbolism
• Imagery
• Figurative Language
• Essay Prompt Response
• Thesis and Claims
• Commentary and Line of Reasoning
• Historical Context
• Shakespearean Drama
• Motifs
• Wit
• Dialogue
• Monologue and Soliloquy
• Poetry Analysis
• Evaluation of Poetry Analysis Sample Essays

Module Seven: Discovery

• Novel Study
• Characterization
• Character Relationships
• Contrasting Characters
• Diction and Syntax
• Narrator’s Perspective
• Structure as Strategy
• Figurative Language
• Symbolism
• Imagery
• Essay Prompt Response
• Thesis and Claims
• Commentary and Line of Reasoning
• American Realism
• Regionalism
• Local Color
• Sound and Rhythm Devices
• Poetry Analysis
• Conceit
• Evaluation of Literary Argument Sample Essays

Module Eight: The Irony

• Characterization
• Contrasting Characters
• Plot Analysis
• Structure as Strategy
• Figurative Language
• Diction
• Imagery
• Essay Prompt Response
• Thesis and Claims
• Commentary and Line of Reasoning
• Irony
• Poetry Analysis
• Historical Context
• Critical Approach to Literature
• Evaluation of Prose Analysis Sample Essays

Module Nine: Review and Exam

• Multiple-Choice Test-Taking Strategies
• AP Exam Reminders
• Topics Covered on AP Exam
• Written Response Reminders
• Poetry Analysis Review
• Prose Analysis Review
• Literary Argument Review
• Exam Format

With the current changes in global climate, rising sea levels, and warming oceans, it’s crucial for you to understand the state of Earth’s systems and the consequences of human activities. This course offers you a global perspective on your world and your role in it. You will explore the scientific principles and concepts needed to understand the connections between the ocean, land, and atmosphere that shape the natural world and make Earth a planet capable of sustaining life. Through laboratory activities, whether hands-on or virtual, you’ll delve deeper into these relationships and reflect on your learning. Additionally, you will identify and analyze both natural and human-made environmental problems, exploring your own ecological footprint to see how your actions impact the world around you. By evaluating the risks associated with these problems and investigating alternative solutions like clean energy, sustainable practices, and conservation, you can contribute to resolving or preventing future environmental issues.

Suggested Prerequisites

Algebra 1 and two years of high school science, with labs

Module One: Ecosystems

• Availability of Resources and Species Interactions
• Characteristics of Aquatic and Terrestrial Biomes
• Biotic and Abiotic Interactions in Biogeochemical Cycles
• Cycling of Energy and Matter Through Trophic Levels
• Food Chains and Food Webs

Module Two: Biodiversity and Populations

• Categories of Ecosystem Services
• Ecological Tolerance
• Island Biogeography and Evolution
• Impact of Natural Disruptions on Ecosystems
• Types of Ecological Succession
• Survivorship Curves
• Resource Availability and Population Growth
• Age-Structure Diagrams

Module Three: Earth’s Systems

• Geological Changes and Plate Boundaries
• Characteristics and Formation of Soil
• Environmental Factors and the Atmosphere
• Solar Radiation and Atmospheric Process
• Earth’s Geography and Weather/Climate

Module Four: Natural Resources

• Concept of the Tragedy of the Commons
• Agricultural Practices and the Environment
• The Impact of Using Natural Resources on Natural Systems
• The Effects of Mining and Urbanization
• Components of Sustainability
• Solutions for Reducing Ecological Footprints
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Pest Control and Management

Module Five: Energy Resources

• Differences Between Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources
• Trends in Energy Consumption
• The Use of Fossil Fuels and Environmental Impacts
• The Effects of Nuclear Energy Use on the Environment
• Types and Uses of Renewable Energy
• Methods for Energy Conservation

Module Six: Air Pollution

• Sources and Effects of Air Pollutants
• Causes, Effects, and Methods to Reduce Photochemical Smog
• Thermal Inversion Related to Pollution
• The Effects of Acid Deposition on the Environment
• Human Activities Resulting in Noise Pollution

Module Seven: Water and Land Pollution

• Point and Nonpoint Sources of Pollution
• The Effect of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on Ecosystems
• Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
• Human Impacts on Aquatic Ecosystems
• Methods and Effects of Solid Waste Disposal
• Sources of Human Health Issues Related to Pollution

Module Eight: Global Change

• The Importance of Stratospheric Ozone to Life on Earth
• Sources and Potency of Greenhouse Gases
• The Impact of Climate Change on Ecosystems
• The Causes and Effects of Ocean Warming
• The Causes and Effects of Ocean Acidification
• Human Activities and Threats to Biodiversity
• Environmental Problems Related to Invasive Species

This course is designed to provide college-level instruction on the patterns and processes that impact the way humans understand, use, and change Earth’s surface. You will use geographic models, methods, and tools to examine human social organization and its effect on the world in which we live. You will be challenged to use maps and geographical data to examine spatial patterns and processes and analyze the changing interconnections among people and places

Module One: Thinking Geographically

• Types of Maps
• Methods of Geographic Data Collection
• Geographical Effects of Decisions Made Using Geographical Information
• Major Geographic Concepts That Illustrate Spatial Relationships
• Scales of Analysis
• Regions
• Human-Environmental Interaction

Module Two: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

• Factors That Influence the Distribution of Human Populations at Different Scales
• Population Distribution and Density’s Impacts on Society and the Environment
• Elements of Population Composition Used by Geographers
• Contemporary and Historical Trends in and Theories of Population Growth and Decline
• Population and Immigration Policies
• Factors Encouraging Migration
• Forced and Voluntary Migration
• Historical and Contemporary Geographic Effects of Migration

Module Three: Cultural Patterns and Processes

• Characteristics, Attitudes, and Traits of Culture
• Characteristics of Cultural Landscapes
• How Landscape Features and Land and Resource Use Reflect Cultural Beliefs and Identities
• Patterns and Landscapes of Language, Religion, Ethnicity, and Gender
• Types of Diffusion
• Effects of Diffusion on the Cultural Landscape
• How Historical Processes Impact Current Cultural Patterns
• Factors Leading to Diffusion of Universalizing and Ethnic Religions

Module Four: Political Patterns and Processes

• Different Types of Political Entities
• Processes That Have Shaped Contemporary Political Geography
• Political Power and Territoriality
• Political Boundaries
• Nature and Function of International and Internal Boundaries
• Federal and Unitary States
• Factors That Lead to the Devolution of States
• Political, Economic, Cultural, and Technological Challenges to State Sovereignty
• Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces

Module Five: Agricultural and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes

• Connection Between Physical Geography and Agricultural Practices
• Rural Settlement Patterns and Methods of Surveying
• Major Centers of Domestication of Plants
• Global Diffusion of Plants and Animals
• Advances and Impacts of the Second Agricultural Revolution
• Social and Economic Forces Influencing Agricultural Practices, the Food Supply, and Environment
• The von Thünen Model
• Interdependence Among Regions of Agricultural Production and Consumption
• Environmental and Societal Consequences of Agricultural Practices
• Challenges and Debates Related to the Changing Nature of Contemporary Agriculture and Food-Production Practices

Module Six: Cities and Urban Land Use Patterns and Processes

• Processes That Initiate and Drive Urbanization and Suburbanization
• How Cities Embody Processes of Globalization
• Urban Concepts Such as Hierarchy, Interdependence, Relative Size, and Spacing
• Internal Structure of Cities Using Various Models and Theories
• Low-, Medium-, and High-Density Housing
• A City’s Infrastructure as It Relates to Local Politics, Society, and the Environment
• Urban Design Initiatives, Practices, and Sustainability
• Causes and Effects of Geographic Changes Within Urban Areas

Module Seven: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes

• How the Industrial Revolution Facilitated the Growth and Diffusion of Industrialization
• Spatial Patterns of Industrial Production and Development
• Social and Economic Measures of Development
• Extent That Changes in Economic Development Have Contributed to Gender Parity
• Theories of Economic and Social Development
• Causes and Geographic Consequences of Trade, Deindustrialization, and Growing Interdependence in the World Economy
• Sustainability Principles in Relation to Industrialization and Spatial Development

In this course, students establish the fundamentals of economics, with a survey of scarcity, opportunity cost, supply, demand, and market equilibrium. They then zoom out to the largest scale of economic analysis, learning the indicators of whole countries’ economic health, specifically gross domestic product, unemployment, and price level. With that foundation, the rest of the course looks at fiscal and monetary policies, their consequences, and the basics of international trade and the foreign exchange market. Besides being intentionally prepared for the AP Exam, students will gain a much deeper understanding of the world around them, the roles that government and banks play in an economy, and the economic outcomes generated by their policy decisions.

Suggested Prerequisites

Algebra I

Module One: Basic Economic Concepts

• Scarcity
• Opportunity Cost
• Comparative Advantage and Trade
• Demand and Supply
• Market Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

Module Two: Economic Indicators and the Business Cycle

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Limitations of GDP
• Unemployment
• Inflation
• Costs of Inflation
• Real vs. Nominal GDP
• Business Cycles

Module Three: National Income and Price Determination

• Aggregate Demand
• Multipliers
• Short-Run and Long-Run Aggregate Supply
• Equilibrium and Changes in the AD-AS Model
• Long-Run Self-Adjustment
• Fiscal Policy
• Automatic Stabilizers

Module Four: Financial Sector

• Financial Assets
• Nominal vs. Real Interest Rates
• Functions of Money
• Banking and Expansion of the Money Supply
• The Money Market
• Monetary Policy
• The Loanable Funds Market

Module Five: Long-Run Consequences of Stabilization Policies

• Fiscal and Monetary Policy in the Short Run
• The Phillips Curve
• Money Growth and Inflation
• Government Deficits and National Debt
• Crowding Out
• Economic Growth
• Public Policy and Economic Growth

Module Six: Open Economy—International Trade and Finance

• Balance of Payments
• Exchange Rates
• The Foreign Exchange Market
• Effects of Policy and Economic Conditions Changes on the Foreign Exchange Market
• Net Exports
• Real Interest Rates and International Capital Flows

This is a one-segment course.

In this course, you will explore the power of marginal thinking and apply it to common decisions that individuals and business firms encounter each day. You will examine, interpret, analyze, and model key microeconomics concepts and processes, from the shifting supply and demand for familiar products to the model of the labor market and how wages are determined. This rich course provides you with all the material and practice needed for success on the AP Exam. Yet, this is just the beginning—in the long run, taking this course will develop the critical thinking and analytical skills that empower you for a lifetime.

Suggested Prerequisites

Algebra 1

Module One: Basic Economic Skills and Concepts

• Scarcity
• Resource Allocation
• Economic Systems
• Production Possibilities Curve/Frontier
• Reading and Constructing Basic Economics Graphs
• Comparative Advantage and Trade
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Marginal Analysis and Impact on Consumer Choice

Module Two: Supply and Demand

• The Law of Demand and Determinants of Demand
• The Law of Supply and Determinants of Supply
• Price Elasticity of Demand
• Price Elasticity of Supply
• Cross-Price and Income Elasticity
• Market Equilibrium
• Constructing and Interpreting Market Graphs
• Economic Surplus
• Market Disequilibrium
• International Trade and Public Policy

Module Three: Production, Cost, and the Perfect Competition Model

• The Production Function
• Short-Run Production Costs
• Long-Run Production Costs
• Types of Profit
• Profit Maximization of the Firm
• Short-Run Production Decisions
• Long-Run Decisions to Enter or Exit a Market
• The Perfectly Competitive Market Model
• Allocative and Productive Efficiency

Module Four: Imperfect Competition

• Distinguishing Imperfect from Perfect Competition
• Characteristics of Imperfectly Competitive Markets
• The Monopoly Model
• Basics of the Natural Monopoly Model
• Price Discrimination in a Monopoly
• The Monopolistic Competition Model
• Oligopoly and Game Theory
• Reading and Analyzing a Payoff Matrix

Module Five: Factor Markets

• Defining Factor (Resource) Markets
• Differentiating Input from Output Markets
• Identifying Changes in Factor Demand and Factor Supply and Outcomes
• Profit Maximization in a Perfectly Competitive Factor Market
• The Monopsony Model

Module Six: Market Failure and the Role of Government

• Socially Optimal Production
• Defining Market Failure
• Efficient vs. Inefficient Market Outcomes
• Externalities
• Public Goods
• Private Goods
• Effects of Government Intervention
• Comparing Government Intervention in Different Market Structures

This is a one-segment course.

Uncover the mysteries that explain all phenomena in the universe. This course will help you develop an understanding of physics through rich content, engaging activities, and inquiry-based laboratory. You will explore concepts such as analyzing motion, force interactions, energy, rotational motion, waves, and periodic motion. You will cultivate your understanding of physics as you explore concepts like systems, fields, force interactions, change, conservation, and waves.

Suggested Prerequisites

Geometry, Algebra II

Module One: Kinematics

• Measurements and mathematical skills
• Position, velocity, and acceleration
• Scalars and vectors
• Graphical representations of motion
• Motion in one dimension
• Relative and two-dimensional motion

Module Two: Forces and Motion

• Projectile motion
• Systems and center of mass
• Contact forces and free-body diagrams
• Mass and weight
• Newton’s laws of motion
• Applications of the laws of motion

Module Three: Circular Motion and Gravitation

• Fundamental forces and force fields
• The law of universal gravitation
• Gravity on other planets
• Circular and orbital motion
• Applications of circular motion and gravitation

Module Four: Energy

• Systems and energy
• Work and mechanical energy
• Kinetic and potential energy
• Conservation of energy and applications
• Work and energy principle
• Power

Module Five: Momentum and Oscillations

• Momentum and impulse
• Changes in momentum
• Conservation of momentum
• Elastic and inelastic collisions
• Simple harmonic motion and pendulums
• Applications of momentum and energy laws

Module Six: Rotational Motion

• Rotational kinematics and torque
• Moment of inertia
• Rotational dynamics and angular momentum
• Conservation of angular momentum
• Rolling motion

Engage in concepts that bridge current math knowledge and exciting new topics. The course centers on functions modeling dynamic behaviors. This research-based exploration of functions is designed to better prepare you for the next level of math classes. and provide a basis for other mathematics and science courses. As a result of examining functions from many perspectives, you will develop a conceptual understanding not only of specific function types but also of functions in general.

Suggested Prerequisites

Algebra 1, Algebra 2, Geometry

Module One: Mastering Polynomial Functions by Exploring Change

• Determine the behavior of different function types
• Denote end behavior using limit notation
• Compare and analyze average rates of change
• Identify key characteristics of different function types
• Analyze transformations of different function types
• Express functions in equivalent forms

Module Two: Mastering Rational and Piecewise Functions

• Determine the behavior of rational functions
• Compare and analyze average rates of change
• Identify key characteristics of rational functions
• Express rational functions in equivalent forms
• Model data sets for multiple applications
• Use technology to construct regression models
• Describe and construct piecewise-defined functions

Module Three: Conquering Exponential Functions and Function Applications

• Determine the behavior of exponential functions
• Compare and analyze average rates of change
• Identify key characteristics of exponential functions
• Express exponential functions in equivalent forms
• Analyze transformations of exponential functions
• Model data sets for multiple applications
• Use technology to construct regression models
• Define and relate sequences to functions
• Construct compositions of two or more functions
• Construct and verify inverse functions

Module Four: Conquering Logarithmic Functions and Modeling

• Rewrite logarithmic expressions as exponential expressions
• Analyze transformations of logarithmic functions
• Identify key characteristics of logarithmic functions
• Solve equations and inequalities of logarithmic functions
• Construct and verify inverse functions
• Use technology to construct regression models
• Apply and linearize functions modeled with semi-log plots

Module Five: Investigating Periodic Functions

• Explore functions with periodic characteristics
• Analyze transformations of trigonometric functions
• Identify key characteristics of trigonometric functions
• Use technology to construct sinusoidal regression models
• Determine trigonometric function values using the unit circle

Module Six: Investigating Solutions of Trigonometric and Polar Functions

• Solve equations and inequalities of trigonometric functions
• Construct and verify inverse functions
• Convert between trigonometric functions and their inverses
• Find solutions to describe trigonometric equations
• Derive and verify trigonometric identities
• Convert between rectangular and polar coordinates
• Identify key characteristics of polar functions
• Analyze and interpret average rates of change

The AP Psychology course will introduce you to the systematic and scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. While learning about the studies that have shaped the field, you will explore and apply psychological theories, key concepts, and phenomena associated with the major units of study, including biological bases of behavior, cognition, development, learning, social psychology, personality, and mental and physical health. Throughout the course, you will apply psychological concepts and employ research methods and data interpretation to evaluate claims, consider evidence, and effectively communicate ideas.

Module One: AP Psychology Science Practices

• Concept application
• Research methods and design
• Data interpretation
• Argumentation
• Proposing and supporting a claim

Module Two: Biological Bases of Behavior

• Heredity
• Environmental influences
• Subsystems of the human nervous system
• Structure and function of the neuron
• Neural transmission
• Structure and function of the brain
• Sleep/wake cycles
• Vision, hearing, and other senses

Module Three: Cognition

• Internal and external factors and their impact on perception
• Theories related to thinking, problem-solving, judgment, and decision-making
• Memory and forgetting
• Measuring intelligence
• Academic achievement compared to intelligence

Module Four: Development

• Development before birth, during infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
• Components of language and communication
• Language development in humans
• Social development related to behavior and mental processes

Module Five: Learning

• Classical conditioning
• Reinforcement and punishment
• Law of effect
• Social learning theory

Module Six: Social Psychology and Personality

• Attribution theory
• Mere exposure effect
• Stereotypes and implicit attitudes
• Cognitive dissonance
• Social norms
• Influence of groups
• Theories of motivation
• Theories of emotion
• Social norms and influence of emotions

Module Seven: Mental and Physical Health

• Impact of stress
• Factors that lead to well-being, resilience, positive emotions, and psychological health
• Psychological perspectives define psychological disorders
• Symptoms and possible causes of selected disorders
• Research and trends in the treatment of psychological disorders

Module Eight: AP Exam Prep

• Test tips
• Full-length practice exam

Dive into the fascinating world of data exploration and analysis! In this course, you’ll learn how to design and execute studies, uncover hidden patterns through probability and simulation, and make informed decisions using statistical inference. Whether predicting manufacturing errors or analyzing real-world trends, this course equips you with the tools to unravel the mysteries of data

Suggested Prerequisites

Algebra 2

Module 1: Exploring Data

• Classifying categorical and quantitative variables
• Describing data distributions
• Displaying data for analysis
• Measuring position
• Applying the Normal distribution

Module 2: Exploring Relationships

• Describing scatterplots and correlation
• Calculating and interpreting least-squares regression
• Calculating and interpreting residuals and residual plots
• Determining suitability of models
• Transforming non-linear data

Module 3: Collecting Data

• Describing sampling techniques
• Determining randomness and bias
• Understanding surveys and data collection
• Designing experiments
• Determining correlation versus causation
• Controlling variables and minimizing bias

Module 4: Probability and Random Variables

• Understanding randomness and performing simulations
• Calculating and interpreting probability
• Describing and calculating random variables
• Calculating and interpreting binomial random variables
• Calculating and interpreting geometric random variables

Module 5: Sampling Distributions and Confidence Intervals

• Contrasting sampling distributions and samples for proportions
• Contrasting sampling distributions and samples for means
• Constructing and interpreting confidence intervals for proportions
• Constructing and interpreting confidence intervals for means

Module 6: Proportions

• Performing hypothesis testing for one proportion
• Interpreting errors, power, and significance
• Constructing and interpreting confidence intervals for two proportions
• Performing hypothesis testing for two proportions

Module 7: Means and Slope

• Performing hypothesis testing for one-sample mean
• Comparing two means
• Inferring from matched pairs
• Inferring from linear regression
• Constructing and interpreting confidence intervals for slope

Module 8: Chi-Square

• Performing Chi-Square goodness-of-fit test
• Inferring from Chi-Square two-way tests
• Reviewing data collection and exploration
• Reviewing probability, sampling, and inference

In this course, you will learn the political concepts, policies, interactions, roles, and behaviors that characterize the constitutional system and political culture of the United States. You will examine core principles, theories, and processes through direct study of U.S. foundational documents and Supreme Court opinions. You will also participate in a civic project where you will research, study, and compile data on a political science topic and create a presentation that exhibits your findings and experiences.The AP U.S. Government and Politics course is structured around five big ideas outlined within the College Board Advanced Placement United States Government and Politics Course Framework. Each big idea is aligned to enduring understanding statements and learning objectives that focus on key concepts and essential knowledge about foundations of American democracy, civil liberties and civil rights, interactions among branches of government, American political participation, ideologies, and beliefs.

Suggested Prerequisites

United States History

Module One: Constitutional Democracy

• Founding documents
• Purposes of government
• Founding principles
• The Constitution
• Federalists and Anti-Federalists
• Separation of powers
• Federalism
• Modern debates in federalism

Module Two: Civil Liberties, Civil Rights

• The Bill of Rights
• The First Amendment
• Security versus free expression
• Liberty versus safety
• Rights of those accused of crimes
• Due process
• Equal protection of the laws

Module Three: Interaction Among Branches

• Congress
• Congressional behavior
• The presidency
• Executive power
• The Supreme Court
• The bureaucracy
• Checks and balances
• Accountability

Module Four: American Political Ideologies

• Political socialization
• Ideology
• Public opinion

Module Five: Political Participation

• Voters
• Elections
• Campaigns
• Political parties
• Interest groups
• The media

This is a one-segment course.

In this course, you will develop and use historical thinking skills and reasoning processes to examine the historical developments of the United States from 1491 to the present. You’ll actively analyze history by examining sources from the nine time periods outlined within the College Board Advanced Placement United States History Framework. You’ll learn to contextualize history and examine continuity and change over time as you examine the economic, political, and social patterns that define United States history.

Suggested Prerequisites

English 1, English 2

Module One: Exploration and Conquest (1491-1607)

• Native American agriculture and economy
• Causes of exploration
• Columbian Exchange
• Maritime technology
• Effects of Spanish conquest
• Encomienda system
• African slave trade
• Spanish caste system

Module Two: Colonization (1607-1754)

• Spanish, Dutch, French, and English interactions with native populations
• Economy, government, and society in British colonies
• Indentured servitude
• Chattel slavery
• The First Great Awakening
• The Enlightenment

Module Three: A National Identity (1754-1800)

• French and Indian War
• Colonial grievances and resistance to British rule
• Declaration of Independence
• American Revolution
• Articles of Confederation
• The Constitution
• Federalists and Anti-Federalists
• Westward movement and disputes over American Indian lands
• Early presidential administrations
• Expansion of slavery into the South

Module Four: Democracy and Innovation (1800-1848)

• Early Supreme Court decisions
• Louisiana Purchase
• Monroe Doctrine
• Missouri Compromise
• American Indian removal
• Industrial Revolution
• Jacksonian Democracy
• Second Great Awakening
• Reform movements
• Abolition

Module Five: Civil War and Reconstruction (1844-1877)

• Manifest Destiny
• Mexican-American War
• Mexican Cession
• Compromise of 1850
• Sectionalism
• Civil War
• Reconstruction
• Immigration
• Nativism
• Contrasts in North/South economies

Module Six: The Gilded Age (1865-1898)

• Westward expansion
• Plessy v. Ferguson
• Technical innovations
• Factory wages and working conditions
• Child labor
• Immigration
• Urbanization
• Gospel of Wealth
• Societal reform movements
• Rise of populism

Module Seven: The U.S. on the World Stage (1890-1945)

• Imperialism and the Spanish-American War
• Progressive Era
• World War I
• Red Scare
• Great Migration
• Nativism
• Harlem Renaissance
• Great Depression
• New Deal
• World War II

Module Eight: Societal Changes (1945-1980)

• Cold War
• Baby boom
• Korean War
• Brown v. Board of Education
• Expansion of communism and containment policies
• Vietnam War
• Great Society
• Civil rights activism
• Youth counterculture
• Rise of environmentalism

Module Nine: Domestic and International Challenges (1980-Present)

• Reagan’s presidency
• Conservatism
• End of the Cold War
• Technological innovations
• Shifts in employment
• Domestic migration
• Globalization
• Immigration from Latin America and Asia
• Attacks of September 11, 2001
• War on Terror

In this course, you will refine your analytical skills, specifically with respect to historical comparisons, causation, and continuity-and-change over time. You will hone these skills as you study world history from 1200 to the present—the past eight centuries of history. Explore this history through the driving themes of physical environment, human culture, systems of government, economic systems, social classes, and technological innovations

Suggested Prerequisites

English 1

Module One: World Tour in the Years 1200 to 1450

• East Asia
• Dar al-Islam
• South and Southeast Asia
• The Americas
• Africa
• Europe

Module Two: Trade Across Lands and Seas, 1200 to 1450

• The Silk Roads
• Mongol empires
• Indian Ocean exchange
• Trans-Saharan trade
• Cultural exchange and consequences
• Environmental consequences of trade

Module Three: Land-Based Empires, 1450 to 1750

• Impact of new technology, such as gunpowder
• Strategies of rule across millions of people
• Changes in religious beliefs and impact on empires

Module Four: Empires Across Oceans, 1450 to 1750

• Significant technological innovations such as the printing press
• Motivations to explore
• Transoceanic trade and its consequences
• Colonization including governance and conflict

Module Five: The Age of Revolutions, 1750 to 1900

• The Enlightenment
• Political revolutions
• Industrial revolutions
• Political, economic, and social effects of industrial revolutions

Module Six: Industrialization Transforms the World, 1750 to 1900

• New wave of empire building
• New imperialism
• Responses of indigenous peoples to colonization
• International markets and supply chains
• Banana republics
• Opium wars
• Global migration and its impacts

Module Seven: History’s Two Deadliest Wars, 1900 to 1945

• Global powers at the start of the twentieth century
• Causes of World War I
• Events and consequences of World War I
• The Great Depression
• Events leading up to World War II
• Events and consequences of World War II
• Mass atrocities

Module Eight: Avoiding Atomic Warfare and Ending Empires, 1945 to 1991

• Causes of the Cold War
• Ideological and power struggles between global superpowers
• Proxy wars of the Cold War era
• Containment policy
• Decolonization and independence movements
• Reactions to warfare and internal drives for change
• The end of the Cold War

Module Nine: Globalization from Telephones to Smartphones, 1900 to Present

• Developments in communication, energy, medical, agricultural, and shipping technologies
• Rise of new epidemic diseases and responses
• Environmental concerns and debate
• Global economics
• Modern calls for rights reform
• Impact of globalization on arts and culture
• Resistance to globalization
• Rise and proliferation of international organizations